{"id":47,"date":"2022-09-14T15:50:48","date_gmt":"2022-09-14T15:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/?p=47"},"modified":"2024-01-26T23:22:34","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T23:22:34","slug":"exponent-in-php","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/exponent-in-php\/","title":{"rendered":"Raise a Number to a Power in PHP"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>You might need to raise a number to the power of another (the exponent) in a PHP script, for example \\(2^3=2\u00d72\u00d72\\) (sometimes written \\(2^3\\)), or in general \\(x^n\\). This may also be used with negative powers where \\(x^{\u2212n}=\\frac{1}{x^n}\\). Of course, you&#8217;d probably want to do this for more complicated examples!<\/p>\n<p>There are two ways to do this in PHP &#8211; the exponent operator (<code>**<\/code>) and the <code>pow()<\/code> function. We&#8217;ll show you each in turn below.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_62 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/exponent-in-php\/#Using_the_Exponent_Operator_in_PHP\" title=\"Using the Exponent Operator in PHP\">Using the Exponent Operator in PHP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/exponent-in-php\/#Using_the_pow_function_in_PHP\" title=\"Using the pow() function in PHP\">Using the pow() function in PHP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/exponent-in-php\/#Examples_of_%E2%80%98Power_Of_using_the_pow_function\" title=\"Examples of &#8216;Power Of&#8217; using the pow() function\">Examples of &#8216;Power Of&#8217; using the pow() function<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/exponent-in-php\/#Example_Calculating_Compound_Interest\" title=\"Example: Calculating Compound Interest\">Example: Calculating Compound Interest<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/exponent-in-php\/#Example_Calculating_Probabilities\" title=\"Example: Calculating Probabilities\">Example: Calculating Probabilities<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/exponent-in-php\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Using_the_Exponent_Operator_in_PHP\"><\/span>Using the Exponent Operator in PHP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The exponent operator in PHP is represented by two asterisks (**). It&#8217;s used to raise a number to a power, which is the product of multiplying a number by itself a certain number of times. For example, 2 to the power of 3 is 2 x 2 x 2, which equals 8.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s the basic syntax of the exponent operator in PHP:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"php\">$result = $base ** $exponent;<\/pre>\n<p>In this example, <code>$base<\/code> is the number you want to raise to a power, and <code>$exponent<\/code> is the power you want to raise it to. <code>$result<\/code> is the result of the exponent operation.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at some simple examples of using the exponent operator in PHP:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"php\">\/\/ Calculate 2 to the power of 3\r\n$result = 2 ** 3; \/\/ Output: 8\r\n\r\n\/\/ Calculate 4 to the power of 2\r\n$result = 4 ** 2; \/\/ Output: 16\r\n\r\n\/\/ Calculate 10 to the power of -2\r\n$result = 10 ** -2; \/\/ Output: 0.01<\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">As you can see from the examples, the exponent operator can be used with both positive and negative powers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Using_the_pow_function_in_PHP\"><\/span>Using the pow() function in PHP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In addition to using the exponent operator, you can also use the <code>pow()<\/code> function in PHP to raise a number to a power. The <code>pow()<\/code> function takes two arguments: the base number and the exponent. Here&#8217;s an example:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"php\">\/\/ Calculate 2 to the power of 3 using the pow() function\r\n$result = pow(2, 3); \/\/ Output: 8<\/pre>\n<p>The <code>pow()<\/code> function is useful when you need to calculate a power using variables or when you want to store the result of the exponent operation in a variable.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples_of_%E2%80%98Power_Of_using_the_pow_function\"><\/span>Examples of &#8216;Power Of&#8217; using the pow() function<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here are some examples, which raise a number to the power of another and display the output. In the examples, <code>&lt;br \/&gt;<\/code> inserts an HTML line break to display the results neatly.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"php\">&lt;?php\r\necho \"3^5 = \" . pow(3,5) . \"&lt;br \/&gt;\"; \/\/ 243\r\necho \"2^9 = \" . pow(2,9) . \"&lt;br \/&gt;\"; \/\/ 512\r\n\/\/ Anything raised to the power of 0 is 1:\r\necho \"99^0 = \" . pow(99,0) . \"&lt;br \/&gt;\"; \/\/ 1\r\n\/\/ Negative powers:\r\necho \"3^-1 = 1\/3 = \" . pow(3,-1) . \"&lt;br \/&gt;\"; \/\/ 1\/3 = 0.3333\r\necho \"3^-2 = 1\/(3^2) = \" . pow(3,-2) . \"&lt;br \/&gt;\"; \/\/ 1\/9 = 0.1111\r\necho \"&lt;br \/&gt;\";\r\n\r\n\/\/ Loop through 2 raised to the 0,1,2,...,10:\r\nfor($i=0;$i&lt;=10;$i++)\r\n{\r\n   echo \"2^\" . $i . \" = \" . pow(2,$i) . \"&lt;br \/&gt;\";\r\n}\r\n?&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>And here is the output of this example code:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">3^5 = 243\r\n2^9 = 512\r\n99^0 = 1\r\n3^-1 = 1\/3 = 0.33333333333333\r\n3^-2 = 1\/(3^2) = 0.11111111111111\r\n\r\n2^0 = 1\r\n2^1 = 2\r\n2^2 = 4\r\n2^3 = 8\r\n2^4 = 16\r\n2^5 = 32\r\n2^6 = 64\r\n2^7 = 128\r\n2^8 = 256\r\n2^9 = 512\r\n2^10 = 1024<\/pre>\n<p>Below, we&#8217;ve outlined a couple of example cases where you might use these in practice.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example_Calculating_Compound_Interest\"><\/span>Example: Calculating Compound Interest<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The formula for calculating compound interest involves raising the interest rate to the power of the number of compounding periods. For example, to calculate the future value of an investment with a principal of $1,000, an interest rate of 5% compounded annually for 10 years, you would use the following formula in PHP:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"php\">$principal = 1000;\r\n$interest_rate = 0.05;\r\n$years = 10;\r\n\r\n$future_value = $principal * (1 + $interest_rate) ** $years;<\/pre>\n<p>The code in this example performs the following steps to calculate this:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It sets the principal amount to $1000 and assigns it to the <code>$principal<\/code> variable.<\/li>\n<li>It sets the interest rate to 5% and assigns it to the <code>$interest_rate<\/code> variable.<\/li>\n<li>It sets the number of years to 10 and assigns it to the <code>$years<\/code> variable.<\/li>\n<li>It uses the exponent operator <code>**<\/code> to calculate the future value of the investment and assigns the result to the <code>$future_value<\/code> variable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The future value is calculated using the formula \\(FV = PV * (1 + r) ^ n\\), where FV is the future value, PV is the present value (or principal), r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.<\/p>\n<p>The output of the code would be:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"php\">$future_value = 1628.89<\/pre>\n<div class=\"group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\">\n<div class=\"text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<p>This means that the future value of the investment after 10 years would be $1628.89, assuming the interest is compounded annually.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example_Calculating_Probabilities\"><\/span>Example: Calculating Probabilities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The exponent operator can be used to calculate the probability of an event occurring multiple times in a row. For example, to calculate the probability of flipping a coin and getting heads three times in a row, you would use the following code in PHP:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"php\">$coin_prob = 0.5;\r\n$num_flips = 3;\r\n\r\n$prob_heads = pow($coin_prob, $num_flips);\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>This code performs the calculation as follows:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It the probability of flipping heads on a single coin flip to 0.5 and assigns it to the <code>$coin_prob<\/code> variable.<\/li>\n<li>Then sets the number of coin flips to 3 and assigns it to the <code>$num_flips<\/code> variable.<\/li>\n<li>We use the <code>pow()<\/code> function to calculate the probability of getting heads on all three coin flips and assign the result to the <code>$prob_heads<\/code> variable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The <code>pow()<\/code> function is used to raise the probability of flipping heads to the power of the number of coin flips. The result of this calculation is the probability of getting heads on all three coin flips.<\/p>\n<p>The output of the code would be:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"php\">$prob_heads = 0.125<\/pre>\n<div class=\"group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\">\n<div class=\"text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<p>This means that the probability of flipping a coin and getting heads three times in a row is 0.125, or 12.5%.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In this tutorial you have seen how to raise a number to the power of another in PHP using two methods: the exponent operator and the <code>pow()<\/code> function.<\/p>\n<p>You can also calculate square (and other) roots in PHP using the pow() function, which we&#8217;ve covered in a different article: <a href=\"\/calculate-square-roots-in-php\/\">Calculate Square Roots in PHP<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You might need to raise a number to the power of another (the exponent) in a PHP script, for example \\(2^3=2\u00d72\u00d72\\) (sometimes written \\(2^3\\)), or in general \\(x^n\\). This may also be used with negative powers where \\(x^{\u2212n}=\\frac{1}{x^n}\\). Of course, you&#8217;d probably want to do this for more complicated examples! There are two ways to &#8230; <a title=\"Raise a Number to a Power in PHP\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/exponent-in-php\/\" aria-label=\"More on Raise a Number to a Power in PHP\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.9.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Raise a Number to a Power in PHP - Tiposaurus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Guide to raising one number to the power of another (taking the exponent) in PHP with examples.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiposaurus.co.uk\/exponent-in-php\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Raise a Number to a Power in PHP - 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